class10|sourceofenergy|notesforclass10

Source of energy:

Characteristics of good fuel:-

1. High calorific value

2. Less Smoke.

3. Less Residue after burning

4.  Easy availability

5. Inexpensive

6. Easy to store and transport.

 FOSSIL FUEL:

·       In millions of years ago, when plant and animal remains got buried under the earth and act by high temperature and pressure .changes into fossil fuel.

Example :coal and petroleum.

·       These fossil fuel are non renewable source of energy.

Hydro power plant:-

PRINCIPLE :-

 Convert the potential energy of falling water into electricity.

·       Hydro power is electricity generated by falling and running water.

·       It is conventional source of energy.

Working:

·       Dam is made over a river to collect water in a large amount.

·       Water coming out at a high speed rotates the turbine which activates the generator to produce electricity.

·       It is a renewable source of energy.

·       Quarter of India’s POWER SUPPLY IS PRODUCE FROM HYDRO POWER PLANT.

DISADVANTAGES:-

1.   Hydro power can not be establish in any place .it must be made on the location of river and also large area required to build a hydro power plant.

2.   Vegetation below dam produces methane which leads to green house effect.

3.   Highly expensive, large sum of money is required to build a hydro power plant.

Advantages:-

1.   It is the most conventional source of energy

2.   It is clean and non polluting source of energy.

Thermal power plant:-

·       Thermal power plant is a plant in which electricity is produced from fossil fuel.

Working:-

·       First of all coal is burnt into a furnance of steam boiler .

·       High pressure steam is produced in the boiler

·       Now in turbine, this steam forces to rotate the turbine blades.

·       As the turbine turns,it rotate the shaft attached to a generator ,as a result  generator produce electricity.

WIND ENERGY :-

Principle :

it’s convert mechanical energy  into electrical energy.

Kinetic energy of the wind is used in working of wind mills.

From old times windmills have been used for grinding grain to lift water from wells.

Both in modern times , wind energy used to generate electricity.

working:-

·       The energy in the wind turns the turbine blade attach to the motor .as a result generator produce electricity

·       wind  energy used to generate electricity.

·       The electrical energy produce transferred through cables for various domestics used.

Advantage

1.   Eco friendly

2.   Wind is available in abundance ,so that wind energy is renewable source  of energy.

Disadvantages

1.   Wind speed is not uniform always.

2.   Need large area to construct a wind energy farm ,it needs hectares of land to construct it.

3.   To set up a wind energy farm is very expensive

4.   Output is less compared to investment.

Bio mass

·       Bio mass is the source of energy  that is directly obtained from plants and animals such as wood ,plants, and animal waste (gobar).

·       Bio mass has a drawback it  produces less energy and release lot of smoke .

Benefits of charcoal over woods :-

·       It does not produce flame

·       Charcoal produces more energy on burning.

·       Charcoal release less smoke on burning than wood.

Bio gas plant:-

·       Bio gas plant generally made of bricks .

·       The various forms of biomass are mixed with equal quantity of water in the mixing tank called slurry.

·       Slurry fed into the digester

·       Anaerobic microorganism decompose slurry  to form methane.

·       Gases produced stored in a chamber .

·       The gases thus produced are known as bio gas.