electricity|class 10 notes|physics

electricity:

Resistance in parallel:  

Current: current in a conductor defined as rate of flow of charge through a conductor.

    
   I = q/t,

 Where I = Current,  q= total charge flowing through a conductor.,  t = time.

    Unit:

                
     The unit of current is" Ampere".

                I = Ampere(A), q= Coulomb(C),  t = Second(s)

                  1 A = 1C/1s

  Potential Difference:

       The potential difference between two  points is defined as the work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to another.

       V = W/Q

                  Unit:

                 The unit of potential difference is Volt

                  1 Volt = 1 Joule/ 1 Coulomb

Ohm’s Law:

when temperature and other condition remain constant than

       Current ∝ potential difference

       V ∝ I

       V = I R 

 where, V=Potential difference,R = Resistance,.I=Current,

                •  Unit :V=Volt,I=Current,  R = Ω(Ohm)

                     1Ω = 1V / 1 A

Factors on which resistance depends are given below:

                            R ∝ 1, when A and material constant l = length

                            R ∝ 1/ A, when l and material constant A = perpendicular cross-section

                              R ∝l / A,

                              R = ρl / A, where ρ = resistivity

       Resistivity: 
Resistivity of a substance is property of material,is to directly proportional  the resistance of a unit square of that substance.

                    Unit:   Ωm.

  Resistance in a series connection:

                     R = R1 + R2 + R3 + … + Rn

  Resistance in parallel:

 1/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3.....+1/Rn

                     

Heating Effect of current:

when current flow through a conductor heating effect produce in itthen,

                     Electric energy = VIt

                  now,

                       Heat, H = VIt = I²Rt

Application of heating effect :

                     Electric iron, toaster, etc.

Fused wire: a low-melting point wire connected in series with electric devices for safety.

Electric power:power is given as 

                     P = VI = I²R = V²/ R

                •  Unit: 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶J

                     1 W(watt) = 1V × 1A

Continue reading with:

• Guass theorem
• Photoelectric effect
• Compton effect
• Semiconductor
• Electrostatics (physics class 12)
• transformer
• Solid state (chemistry class 12)
• Electromagnetic induction

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